Arabic words of the day

I'm going to start posting new Arabic words I've learnt every day. It helps with revision.

Arabic words of the day:

اقیم في...: I live in...
ولدت في...: I was born on... (time)
عنوان: address
اصلا: originally
الجنسیة: nationaly
جدّ: grandfather
جدّة: grandmother
حفید: grandson
حفیدة: granddaughter
خال: maternal uncle
خالة: maternal aunt
عم: paternal uncle
عمة: paternal aunt
حم: father-in-law
حماة: mother-in-law
ممرّضة: nurse
حقیبة: suitcase
وفي: loyal
حکیم: wise
رشیق: graceful
مضحك: funny
عنيد: stubborn
مكّار: cunning
رقیق: delicate
موهوب: talented 
محبوب: popular
کریم: generous
کسول: lazy
نشیط: active
ذکيّ: intelligent

Expressions:

رحلة سعیدة: Have a good trip!
الحمد لله علی السلامة: Thank God for the safe (arrival)!
تشرّفنا:  Please to meet you!

شىرىنجان - Sweetheart

مەن بىغىڭغا كىرمەيمەن شىرىنجان جانىما

ئانارىڭنى ئۈزمەيمەن شىرىنجان جانىما

ئەمدى كەلدىم ئەقلىمگە شىرىنجان جانىما

نادان بىلەن يۈرمەيمەن شىرىنجان جانىما

باغلار ئارا شامال ئۇچۇپ سېنى ئەسلەتتى

گۈللەر ئارا بۇلبۇل سايراپ سېنى ئەسلەتتى

يارىيار دەپ كىچە - كۈندۈز يۈرەكلەر تاشلا

ئالما ئاتنىم دەرياغا شىرىنجان جانىما

لەيلىۋىلىپ چۆكمەيدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

سەن يايرىمنىڭ ئوتلارى شىرىنجان جانىما

يالقۇنلايدۇ ئۆچمەيدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

ئالما ساتقىلى چىقسام شىرىنجان جانىما

قىزىلىنى تاللايدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

ئالەمدە كىسى يوقتەك شىرىنجان جانىما

كۆڭلۈم سېنى خالايدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

باغلار ئارا شامال ئۇچۇپ سېنى ئەسلەتتى

گۈللەر ئارا بۇلبۇل سايراپ سېنى ئەسلەتتى

يارىيار دەپ كىچە - كۈندۈز يۈرەكلەر تاشلا

ئالما ئالتىم دەرياغا شىرىنجان جانىما

لەيلىۋىلىپ چۆكمەيدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

سەن يايرىمنىڭ ئوتلارى شىرىنجان جانىما

ياقۇنلايدۇ ئۆچمەيدۇ شىرىنجان جانىما

Voilà the complete lyrics of my all-time favourite Uyghur song - Şirincan, which translates as 'darling', 'sweetheart'. It's a beautiful and cheerful love song. I'm attempting to translate it as follows:

I will not enter your garden, my darling, my beloved

Nor will I pick your pomegranates, my darling, my beloved

Now I have learnt to be wise, my darling, my beloved

I will not walk with the ignorant, my darling, my beloved

The wind blowing from garden to garden has told about you

The nightingales among the flowers have sung about you

My heart palpates with the melody they sing from day to night

I throw an apple to the river, my darling, my beloved

It floats and floats and will never sink, my darling, my beloved

You are the flames of my joy, my darling, my beloved

Which are blazing and will never go out, my darling, my beloved

The wind blowing from garden to garden has told about you

The nightingales among the flowers have sung about you

My heart palpates with the melody they sing from day to night

If I sell apples on the market, my darling, my beloved

You will pick the red one, my darling, my beloved

In this world there is no one like you, my darling, my beloved

My heart wants you, my darling, my beloved

The wind blowing from garden to garden has told about you

The nightingales among the flowers have sung about you

My heart palpates with the melody they sing from day to night

I have taken an apple to the river, my darling, my beloved

It floats and floats and will never sink, my darling, my beloved

You are the flames of my joy, my darling, my beloved

Which are blazing and will never go out, my darling, my beloved

Uyghur translation exercises

Following the dialogue and the grammar lesson I posted yesterday, here are some translation exercises to practise with. For the answer key, hit 'comments':

Uyghur-English

1. Uniņ  dadasi muşu məktəptə işləydu.
2. Biz daim internet toriğa çiqimiz.
3. Polatniņ dadasi ətə kəçtə Xotən'din kelidu.
4. Bügün kəçtə dostumğa elektronluq yollanma əwətimən.
5. Biz bügün saət ikkidin tötkiçə top oynaymiz.
6. Bügün çüştin keyin öygə qaytimən.
7. Yumşaq detal, yumşaq diska qatarliq nərsilərni setiwalimən.
8. Çüştin keyin saət bəştə munçiğa çüşimən.
9. Yəkşənbə küni əmgəkkə barimiz.
10. Biz daim kompyoter torida uçur körimiz.

English-Uyghur

1. We are watching TV at 7.00 pm tomorrow.
2. I'll do the washing tomorrow.
3. He works in my school.
4. My older brother goes to this school.
5. I often see you on the TV.
6. I'm getting a 'Uyghur-Chinese Dictionary' from the bookshop.
7. My dad is coming from Urumqi.
8. He speaks Uyghur better than I.
9. I'll go online after dinner.

Uyghur grammar note - Present aorist tense

The present aorist tense in Uyghur is used to describe habitual, repetitive actions or actions scheduled to take place in the immediate future. It can be compared to the Turkish -r present tense. Although sometimes rendered into English as -ing, it does not emphasise on the action in progression at the present moment. If you really want to make a big deal, there's a present continuous tense characterised by the affix -iwat, corresponding directly and strictly to the English present continuous as used in 'I am watching TV at the moment', that is to say, not as in 'I am studying at this unversity' which is more or less the same thing as 'I study at this university, or 'I am going to the cinema this afternoon' which is more or less the same thing as 'I'll go to the cinema this afternoon'.

To be honest, personally I think this tense is pretty jokes. The formation is so easy that if you can't do it correctly, you shouldn't learn Turkic languages. Because:

verb root + i/y + personal endings

The personal endings are basically almost intact personal pronouns, except for first person plural and third person (sg. and pl. again share the same ending), which receive a little bit of understandable modification. The rule for i/y alternation is simple: if the verb root ends in a consonant, it's an i , if a vowel a y. Not that it makes a lot of difference in speech. In fact either way you are going to hear a high front vowel between the verb root and the personal ending. It's only in orthography that you can see the distinction, really.

Now let's move on to the personal endings:

   Singular                         Plural                         

mən   -mən                      biz   -miz

sən      -sən                      silər  -silər

siz       -siz                       

u          -du                        ular  -du

Don't you just LOVE Uyghur (Chagatay conjugation is the same, by the way)? It's basically like saying 'go-I, go-you, go-he, go-we, go-you, go-they' in English!! Even the seemingly irregular bits can be rationalised: b -> m is a classic Turkic thing. Compare Turkish ben and Uyghur mən, Uzbek men. And Uyghur bu (this) and mundaq (this way, thus). The phonetic distance between b and m isn't much at all: they are both bilabial, voiced stops. The only difference is that m is nasal and b isn't. So m here can be seen as a weakened version of b. And b has all the rights to be weakened - it is now the onset of a suffix. As for the intrusive d in the third person which has disturbed the otherwise beautiful regularity, I guess it's just because it sounds a bit silly to say iu. Turkic languages don't really allow diphthongs. For ease of pronunciation, extra sounds are usually inserted.

Let's conjugate two verbs now:

çiqmaq: to come out, to go out, to appear, to happen, to produce

mən  çiqimən               biz  çiqimiz

sən     çiqisən               silər çiqisilər

siz      çiqisiz

u         çiqidu                 ular  çiqidu

işləmək: to work

mən  işləymən             biz  işləymiz

sən     işləysən             silər işləysilər

siz      işləysiz

u         işləydu              ular  işləydu

I think this has covered all. Peace.

Uyghur lesson - Biz Mərkəziy Millətlər Uniwersiteti'da oquymiz

Məhmət: Silər qaysi məktəptə oquysilər?
Polat: Biz Mərkəziy Millətlər Uniwersiteti'da oquymiz. Sizçə?
M: Mən Beyciņ Uniwersiteti'da oquymən. Siz qaysi fakultetta oquysiz?
P: Azsanliq Millətlər Til-Ədəbiyati Fakulteti'da oquymən.
M: Dostiņiz siz bilən bir fakultettimu?
P: Yaq, dostum Çət Əl Tili Fakulteti'da oquydu.
M: Siz kəspiņizni yaxşi körəmiz?
P: Kəspimni intayin yaxşi körimən. Bundin keyin kəsiptə çoqum tirişçanliq körsitimən.
M: İkkiņlar yurtdaşmu?
P: Həə, ikkimiz bir yərlik, bək yaxşi ötimiz. Biz daim billə dərs təkrarlaymiz. Öginiştə bir-birimizgə yardəm berimiz. Turmuşta öz ara köņül bölimiz. Mən uniņdin çət əl tili öginimən, u məndin Uyğur Tili öginidu.


Alim: Raziyə, siz ətə nemə iş qilisiz?
Raziyə: Çüştin burun doxturğa barimən. Doxturdin zukam dorisi alimən. Çüştin keyin poştixaniğa* barimən. Öyümgə xalta salimən. Kəçtə sinipğa kəçlik muzakirigə çiqimən. Siz nemə iş qilisiz?
A: Çüştin burun bazarğa çiqimən. Yumşaq detal, yumşaq diska, maus qatarliq nərsilərni setiwalimən. Çüştin keyin internet toriğa çiqimən. Elektronluq yollanma arqiliq dostumğa süritimni əwətimən. Uçur körimən. Elektronluq oyun oynaymən.
R: Uniņdin keyin nemə iş qilisiz?
A: Uniņdin keyin tağamniņ öyigə barimən.

* The orthography is پوچتىخانا (poçtxana) but it's pronounced as poştxana.

Məhmət: Which university do you go to (lit. Which university do you study at)?
Polat: We are at Central Ethnic University (a university in Beijing, China that is supposed to specialise in ethnic minority studies). What about you?
M: I'm at Pekin University (or Beijing University. Pekin University was and is still sometimes taken to be the official name of the best university in China, which was founded towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China). Which faculty are you in?
P: I'm studying in the Faculty of Ethnic Minority Languages and Literature.
M: And your friend is with you in the same faculty?
P: No, my friend is in the Faculty of Foreign Languages. Do you like your subject (or major, as the Americans call it...)?
M: I like my subject very much. From now on I'll work very hard for my course (lit. henceforth in my subject I diligently make effort).
P: Are you two from the same town (lit. fellow townsmen)?
M: Yes, we two are from the same place, and we get along very well. We often revise our lessons together. We help each other in our studies. We take care of each other in everyday life. I learn foreign languages from him and he learns Uyghur from me.

Alim: Raziya, what are you doing tomorrow?
Raziya: In the morning I'm going to the doctor's. I'll take some medicine from him for my cold. In the afternoon I'm going to the post office. I'll send a parcel to my family. In the evening I'm attending the evening study session. What are you doing?
A: In the morning I'm going to the shops. I'm going to buy softwares, softdisks, a mouse and things like those. In the afternoon I'm going on the Internet to email my friend some photos (lit. send my friends photos via email). I'll read some news and play computer games.
R: And after this what are you going to do?
A: After this I'll go to my uncle's house.

Sözlük - Vocabulary

arqiliq: through, via, by means of

əwətmək: to send, to send out (people)

bundin keyin: from now on, henceforth

bir-biri: each other

billə: together

poştxana: post office

tağa: uncle (either maternal or paternal)

turmuş: life

tirişçanliq: diligent

tirişçanliq körsətmək: to make an effort, to work/study hard

çət əl: foreign country, foreign countries, overseas

çət əl tili: foreign language

çiqmaq: to come out, to appear, to happen, to produce, to go up

xalta: packet, package, parcel

daim: often

dora: medicine

zukam: cold (illness)

sürət: photo, picture

kəçlik muzakirə: night study session (something university students do in China)

körsətmək: to point out, to show, to make someone see, to recommend

köņül bölmek: to take care of

maus: mouse (İT)

elektronluq oyun: computer game

oyun: game

uçur: information, news

öz ara: each other, one another (adv.)

ögənmək: to study

elektronluq yollanma: email

internet tori: Internet

-ğa yardəm bərmək: to help (+ dative)

yərlik: local, of this place

yurtdaş: fellow townsman, someone from hometown, compatriot

yumşaq detal: software

yumşaq diska: softdisk (no one uses them now...)

ھەسرەت چەكتىم - I suffered

ئايدىن ئايرىيالمايمەن

ئاي ئۈزۈڭنى كۆرگەندە

ئەيمىنىپ قارالمايمەن

قوشۇماڭ تۈرۈلگەندە

ئو، ھەسرەت چەكتىم

ئو، يارنى سېغىندىم

قوسۇمىڭ تۈرۈلگەندە

رەنجىگەنمىدىڭ مەندىن

ئىشەنچىم ساڭا كامىل

ئۈمۈد ئۈزمىدىم سەندىن

ئو، ھەسرەت چەكتىم

ئو، يارنى سېغىندىم

مەن سېنى پاناھ تارتىپ

ئايۋانىڭدا ياتايمۇ

ئاتە كۈنلۈك ئالەمدە

سېنڭ دەردىڭنى تارتايمۇ

I cannot separate myself from the moon

When I've seen your moon-like face

I do not shy away from being seen

And your eyebrows have curled up

Oh, how much I suffered

Oh, how much I longed for my beloved

Your eyebrows have curled up

But I have not provoked your anger

I had absolute faith in you

I never gave up my hope in you

Oh, how much I suffered

Oh, how much I longed for my beloved

I ask you for shelter

Shall I take refuge in your ayvan?

In this fleeting six-day world

Shall I suffer from your grief?

Məşrəp

ئانا يۇرتۇم ئارا تۆھپە

مىراس بىباھا مەشرەپ

بۇ غۇلغان دەم نەپەسلەرگە

شىپالىق ساپ ھاۋا مەشرەپ

كامالەت تاپتى قويۇڭدا

مۇقام ئەلنەغمە جانبازلىق

ئەزەلدىن زاتى ئۇيغۇرغا

ئىجازەتسىز راۋا مەشرەپ

بېغى سەن قان - قېرىنداشلىق

ئىناقلىق جان كۈيەرلىكنىڭ

ھوسۇل بەھرىڭ ئاداۋەتلىك

جاراھەتكە داۋا مەشرەپ

يەنە سەن كانتا سەيناسى

ئۇلۇغ ئىنسانە خىسلەتنىڭ

سېنىڭدە ئەنئەنە رەسمى

يۇسۇن شەرمى - ھايا مەشرەپ

يەنە يۈكسەل قوياشتەك

پارلىسۇن پاك روھى مىللەتنىڭ

باغاش ئەتسۇن بۇ ئالەمنى

ئىسىل نەغمە ناۋا مەشرەپ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej2XPTLgRnQ